Poem Analysis The Unknown Citizen Essay - 977 Words

The Average Man W. H. Auden satirizes the United States as an entity, which restrains individual advancement. Through depersonalization, the government rewards those who actually never do anything. However, the Unknown Citizen has a monument built as a symbol of his perfection. Thus, Audens The Unknown Citizen shows how the government makes each individual merely a number unless they do not conform to societys norms. The monument of the unknown citizen is erected not to honor the memory of a man, but to show how he is the perfect example of a good citizen (Auden). In this poem, the citizen is just an average person who never stands out among the rest of the population. For example, Yet he wasnt a scab or odd in his†¦show more content†¦Auden ends the statement with a comma rather than an exclamation to illustrate the inconsequential nature of the citizen working in a factory. Factory work is monotonous, one shift after another not evoking any emotion. Indeed, the citizen lives a boring life, doing the exact same thing as the average person. He cannot stand out, for the only way to do so is for the citizen to be different, not fulfilling societys demands. Throughout the poem, the citizens actions do not amount to anything but further conformity. For example, Auden states that And all the reports on his conduct agree that, in the modern sense of an old-fashioned word, he was a saint (3-4) which illustrates how all his actions were normal according to the governments standards. The government considered his actions so good that they call him a saint. Therefore, Auden uses this tone to prove that living the life of the statistical, average citizen would be boring. Courage defines a hero. The citizen Auden describes is a hero to the government because he never causes any problems. They even dedicate a statue to him, but he never acts courageously. He follows the crowd and never stands up for himself. A true hero leads as Abraham Lincoln did when he held the nation together during his Presidency. However, Auden proves that the citizen follows the crowd with the line, When there was peace, he was for peace: when thereShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Poem The Unknown Citizen 1518 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"The Unknown Citizen† by W.H Auden and â€Å"next to of course god america i† by e.e. cumming are two poems that deal with similar issues. They both address the issue of dying soldiers and blame blind patriotism for the deaths of these soldiers. The theme of both poems deals with the need for citizens to become more outspoken and follow their own beliefs instead of simply following their country. However, each poem addresses a topic that isn’t found in the other poem, and the poems themselves are structurallyRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Unknown Citizen And The Short Story The Lottery 1230 Words   |  5 PagesUnexpected Truth The Poem Unknown Citizen and the short story The Lottery give examples how people can rebel and conform in different ways. The way these stories were written evokes a lot of emotions, from anger to confusion. In life there are two people in the world, ones who conform to every whim and those who will rebel to create a difference in their society or others. The Unknown Citizen, by W. H. Auden, is about a man who obeys the law and does what needs to done by a normal citizen. The author paintedRead MoreThe Unknown Citizen by W.H. Auden Essay970 Words   |  4 PagesThe Unknown Citizen by W.H. Auden The poem that I am going to talk about is the Unknown Citizen by W.H Auden. I am going to talk about what I first glimpse in the poem but then after further study what you actually see. At the start of the poem under the title it hasRead MoreThe Unknown Citizen By. Auden1527 Words   |  7 PagesThe Unknown Citizen Analysis The Unknown Citizen, written by W.H. Auden, is a satirical poem declaring the petty accomplishments achieved by an unnamed citizen in a presumably American or industrialized society. Through several readings of the poem, many would not even consider the Unknown Citizen as a poem, but rather, a letter of recommendation or a speech for a political election. The only obvious characteristic of this piece resembling a poem is the rhyming scheme. Other than rhyming, thereRead More Analysis of The Unknown Citizen by W.H. Auden Essay examples1464 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis of The Unknown Citizen by W.H. Auden â€Å"The Unknown Citizen†, written by W.H. Auden during 1940, is a poem where the speaker, a representative of the state or government, directs a speech to the audience about a monument being erected for a citizen. Written in free verse, although using many couplets, this poem is a poem that describes the life of a certain person through his records and documents. This citizen is portrayed as a normal and average human being who is being honouredRead MoreThe Unknown Citizen by W.H.Auden1320 Words   |  5 PagesThe poem â€Å"The Unknown Citizen† by W.H. Auden is a poem with a strong message to a wide audience. It portrays a political system’s control over its citizen. The poem is telling us we are a product of our countries, we are nothing but a number of digits to be identified. The poem revolves around the life of the unknown citizen, JS/07/M/378, who was granted a monument by the government in honor of his flawless life in an un-free society. He is by all means the perfect citizen, the citizen who has devotedRead MoreWho Are We to Judge? Essay example578 Words   |  3 Pagesand Wystan Audens, The Unknown Citizen try to do this. Who is to say that their analysis of the two characters is correct? The two poems are based only on what is observed, not what is known. Richard Cory is structured in a very consistent, easy to read manner, but is as harsh and radical as the form is classical and neat. The poem is an extended description of a man, a very rich, successful man, named Richard Cory. The narrator of the poem spends a good part of the poem, the first three stanzasRead MoreAnalysis Of Auden s The Unknown Citizen, And Funeral Blues All By Auden2119 Words   |  9 Pagesduring this period was strong, influenced mostly by his experiences in the Spanish Civil War, but his social views were always more complex labels that were given to him. Three works of Auden that can be analysed are â€Å"September 1, 1939†, â€Å"The Unknown Citizen†, and â€Å"Funeral Blues† all by Auden all share ideas of totalitarianism and death even though they all have varying structures. Auden was born in York, England on February 21, 1907. He was raised in a very industrial area in Northern EnglandRead MoreCritical Analysis Of Richard Cory820 Words   |  4 PagesThe poem â€Å"Richard Cory† is Robinson’s famous poem about a man named Richard Cory who was outwardly wealthy and admirable to many. The poem adopts an overly narrative style. Through this style, the poet is able to detail of the life and timesof Robinson Cory as a loner of the upper social class in America. It is a tale of internal conflict and dissatisfaction experienced by a man who everybody admired. The personadescribes him using finest terms such as ‘gentleman’ to denote of how people of the lowerRead MoreThe World Is Too Much With Us And The Unknown Citizen2049 Words   |  9 PagesWorld Is Too Much With Us / The Unknown Citizen† This is a critical analysis of two poems – The world is too much with us by William Wordsworth, and The Unknown Citizen by W.H. Auden focusing on how the two poems highlight the mundane drudgery of life. It is a drudgery, and one that people do not even recognize because they are consumed in leading materialistic ways of life, conforming to the state and the society or both. The text proceeds from analyzing each poem individually, and later draws parallels

Electronic Medical Records and the Nurse Informatics...

Electronic medical records and the nurse informatics specialist Over the years, with the technological development and digitalization of almost all the processes, there have been calls for the healthcare technology to be adopted in a wider sense of it. This has been mainly on the development of the appropriate chip and other electronic storage systems that can hold the information about each Americans medical information and any other relevant data like the physical address and the migration trend if the person moves from one town to another or even across the borders. This has been argued to be aimed at ensuring that the information about the individual is readily available to help in medically assisting the individual incase anything happens. Several methods of fully digitalizing this process have been suggested, the Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) being one of the major methods thought of. The need to adopt this technology of EMR therefore calls for the employment of special ists I handling the data so as to be sure of the relevance and the safety as well as the accuracy of the data that is stored in the electronic records hence the need for a nurse informatics specialist. This specialist will also make work easier for the medical practitioner as well as save valuable time in accessing the information about the client. This is bearing the fact that the patient will arrive at a point-of-care, and the information is immediately uploaded into the providerShow MoreRelatedThe Scope And Standards For Informatics1739 Words   |  7 PagesDefine and discuss the Scope and Standards for Informatics Nurse Specialist Purpose and function of Scopes and Standards In order to practice as a nurse informatics or NI specialist, one must know and understand the standard to which he or she is held. 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Errors as defined by the IOM (2000) is the failure of a planned action toRead MoreNurse Informatics Specialist1300 Words   |  6 Pagesability of physicians, nurses, clinical technicians, and others to readily access and use the right information about their patients to Improve care. Studies have shown that better technologies leads to better care. Nursing Information Specialist is a nurse who integrates nursing science, computer science, and information science to manage and communicate data, information, knowledge and wisdom in nursing practice. Nursing Informatics Specialist supports consumers, patients, nurses , and other providersRead MoreWhat Is Computerized Electronic Medical Records?821 Words   |  4 Pages Informatics is essential to nursing and health care in momentous ways. It allows for quick access to patient information, health history and medication records. Electronic health records are utilized in all aspects of healthcare from scheduling, billing, to patient access through a system such as My Chart. Computerized electronic medical records are a continually improving and evolving application that enhances patient care and improves workflow efficiency and safety (McGonigle and MastrianRead MoreHealth Information Technology And The Health Care Industry Essay1458 Words   |  6 Pagesautomated and interoper able, which leads to improved medical care, lower costs and increased efficiency. Some H.I.T. professions include: clinical data analyst, CMIO and nursing informaticist. A clinical data analyst develops, designs and manages data tracking systems and evaluates the data results from clinical trials. A CMIO, or chief medical informatics officer, is a health care executive who is responsible to bridge the gap between medical and IT departments at a health care organization. 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An Electronic health record (EHR) allows healthcare providers to record patient information electronically instead of using paper records; a user of an Electronic Health Record System describes it benefits: One of the first physicians in the country to be certified as a meaningful user of health information technology says the electronic health record system she implemented has significantly improved her performance on measuresRead MoreNursing Informatics As A Specialty Essay1187 Words   |  5 Pages3.2.0 SOCIAL CONTEXT: 3.2.1 Nursing Informatics as a Specialty Nursing’s social contract reflects the profession’s long-standing core values and ethics, which provide grounding for health care in society. It is easy to overlook this social contract underlying the nursing profession when faced with challenges of the current technology like nursing informatics. One should be competent in nursing informatics so that nothing goes wrong when clients knows that the services are using telehealth and isRead MoreNurse Informatics Position Description For An Informatics Nurse Specialist1217 Words   |  5 PagesNurse Informatics Position Description Many job titles or description can be associated with the position of an informatics nurse specialist (INS). According to Sweeney (2010), there is no single job description for an individual with a graduate level of education in the informatics field. Furthermore, the author stated that job titles and/or description of an INS varies with each employing organization. However, expected activities should include responsibilities such as administration, project

Humour and Satire in Urdu Literature Free Essays

string(57) " estimating standards of the literature of any language\." Humor and Satire In Urdu Literature Taken Gull* Tableaus Abstract Humor Satire are an integral part of all forms of literature; when the tragic part of a drama/story becomes unbearable, humor/satire provide a much needed diversion relief. This article examines the effect of humor satire with reference to some of the leading men of letters of Urdu literature. Keywords: Humor, Satire, Urdu, Literature It is difficult for human beings to always lead a solemn and glum life. We will write a custom essay sample on Humour and Satire in Urdu Literature or any similar topic only for you Order Now They require amusement, mental relaxation and recreation of some sort. Humor is the most suitable Innocent option for this purpose. Humor can be verbal, visual or physical. Non-verbal forms of communication for example – music and art can also be humorous. Since literature is the replica of life it produces not only serious, subtle and delicate literary pieces but also the need for mild, mature and mellow compositions has always been longed for to coax and cajole the readers. To maintain the regularity and steadiness of life the elements of humor and satire are always needed. Prevalently humor and satire are used as a compound genre but they are two different words having two distinct meanings. Simon Waistlines is of the opinion hat humor is the weapon of unarmed people: it helps people who are oppressed to smile. In fact, humor succeeds where wisdom fails. Stephen Lacked asserts: â€Å"Humor may also be defined as the kindly contemplation of the Incongruities of life and the artistic expression thereof. I think this is the best I know, because I wrote it myself. † 1 This classification demonstrates three important aspects, which are the ‘Irregularities of life’, ‘kindly contemplation’ and ‘artistic expression’. The first point explains that a humorist does not look at the Irregularities Taken Gull, Assistant Professor, Zinnia College for Women, University of Appeaser. ** Tableaus laved, Lecturer, Zinnia College for Women, university of Appeaser. * Taken Gull Tableaus Saved of life disdainfully rather gets amused with them, the second Is that he deals up with comic situations and gruesomeness of life and the third point explains that a humorist adopts a very skillful manner of portraying such funny situations instead of presenting them in a blunt and boring way. Moving on to the better half of humor that Is satire, sarcasm and gibe as defined by the encyclopedia Britannica; â€Å"Satire In Its literary aspect, may be defined as the expression In adequate terms of the sense of amusement or disgust excited by the ridiculous or unseemly, provided that literary form without humor, satire is invective; without literary form, it is mere clownish Jeering†2 Babul- al-Jeez Hafted Suicide defines satire in the following words: â€Å"The comic situations of life which can be pointed out and the contemptuous aspects of life which can be opposed and humorously criticized are termed as satire†. The process of sarcasm shares a lot with surgery. As a surgeon dissects and opens p the human body in order to extricate it by the infected portion, similarly a satirist identifies the follies of the society and extricates it of the corruptive matters. Although it is true and admitted that a satirist definitely has the gusto and ardor of elatedness an d supremacy present in him. Whatever a satirist targets he shows his soreness towards it and is desirous to modify and aspire it. Perhaps the element of sympathy is absent which is considered to be the spirit of humor. ABA-AH-Chair considering, states: â€Å"Those satirists who extract amusement and laugh at the helplessness of people can never reach the heights. A good satirist is a merciless surgeon and ruthlessly dissects but in his satire there are no signs of personal revenge or hollowness. His sole purpose is constructive and to bring forward a positive change. The objective of his art is to point out the hideousness of life and to beautify society. â€Å"4 Whether it is satire or humor both require sincerity and fidelity, whereas, prejudice, priggishness and ego are all considered injurious for them. Making somebody a subject of humor or saturating someone on the basis of personal grudges is a complete violation of the rules and is The Dialogue 179 Volume VII Number 2 Humor and Satire in Urdu Literature extremely cheap in itself. That is the reason, why in every literature it is considered to be the humor and satire of the lowest degree. Contrary to this, the earnest pleasure or displeasure of mind and thought gives vitality to humor and satire. Then the most difficult aspect of this skill is to criticize your own self. To ridicule others and make them the target of buffoonery is comparatively easy but to mock at oneself jovially is most difficult thing in the world. It is therefore rightly said by Shabby-LU- Hosannas that only those nations are considered to be civilized who can make fun of their weaknesses. 5 Satire can only grow and develop in such societies where people have prudent and practical approach towards life. Only those people give space to satire who have the patience and will for change. Rehashed Mad Suicide says that humor and satire can only develop in those countries and nations who are independent and value independence. But this genre cannot build up among the nations who are bound in the shackles of slavery. Among the people where gods and decent and quality humor and satire. Sarcasm exposes before the readers the personal folly and humiliation of others which can only be handled by a mature mind of decent taste and disciplined attitude. In short, it is a genre whose reader is not only able to see the faults of others but their own misdeeds as well. The element of humor makes this genre light hearted, Jovial, intimate and infectious. It is therefore necessary that it should not be cheap and vulgar but should rather be meaningful, far reaching, universalism and enduring. In another situation humor and satire can be made the basis for estimating standards of the literature of any language. You read "Humour and Satire in Urdu Literature" in category "Papers" Humor and fun are cultural and represent the customs, traditions, beliefs and norms of a particular society. In fact, the types of humor vary from people to people and society to society. The comic gestures and funny situations which can be a laughing stalk for us may not be humorous at all for a British or an American. On the other hand, according to Muhammad Alma Khan humor and satire together can create the history of the mentality of a nation and also are its heritage. Also it can be agreed upon that humor and irony of any community or civilization can be used as n absolute scale to test the glee, perception, temperaments and feelings of them. 7 Now we have to observe whether humor and satire are correlated or not. Norman Forlorn in this connection states that for literary satire two components are worthwhile; one is criticizing and saturating an odious incident or thing and the other humor. 180 Rasher Mad Quietude’s opinion is contrary to that of Norman Furlong’s. According to him satire is implicit in humor, whereas, humor should not be a part of satire. He considers humor superior to satire and a form of arts which is difficult in execution. For humor, he says: complacent attitude and conferment is required, whereas, for satire energy, sorrow, anger and assertion all are required simultaneously. In comparison to Rehashed Mad Suicide, Stayed Thatches Hussein’s notion is comparatively more steady where he writes that the sour feeling that people develop while reading a satirical work is the very reason why people separate it from humor. Hence, Thicker and Meredith both have accepted the vitality of humor but not of satire. The reality is that the existence of satire is imp ossible without the presence of humor, whereas, humor can exist without attire. 9 Anyhow, it is important to observe the several techniques of humor and satire. ). The first technique is that of comparison in which humor is created by the simultaneously. The second technique is â€Å"the use of language†. Developing humor by creatively using the human speech and expression in which Taker (repetition), Rarity-e-leaflet (pun) and Bazaar Kanji (wit) are included . Iii). The third technique is that of a humorous situation. Iv). The fourth technique is the use of a humorous character. V). The fifth technique is that of parody. V’). The sixth technique s that of irony. No doubt there are other techniques like Sol-e-mammal (paradox), Ambulance (exaggeration) etc. But the ones given above are universally known and popular. After observing the general aspects of humor and satire, we switch on to the art of humor and satire in Urdu literature. When we throw a cursory glance at it we learn that the early onset of it can be found in some ancient Distant (legends). But the quality of humor and satire in some places is quite inferior while at others the jazzy effects of naturally pleasant and amusing humor and satire are visible. In Urdu literature humor and satire are conspicuously observed for the first time in the letters written by Kigali where frank humor and offhandedness are quite domineering. Kigali was blessed with dual attribute of being a poet and a prose writer. Humor was a part of his nature, that’s why Hall called him â€Å"Hewn-e- Career† (humorous animal). His humor is pious and pure. He smiles at the occasions when people are whining and crying. He is capable of laughing at himself not only on others. In his 181 letters we find soft smiles instead of whole hearted laughter. In his letters, instead of sing loud and sharp colors, he uses a beautiful blend of light colors of humor. Besides Kigali, humor and wit are also observed in the writings of Sir Seed Mad Khan and Chablis Neumann, whereas, the elements of satire are more specific in the literature contributed by Deputy Nazi Mad. Sir Seed’s work was serious, constructive and persuasive but in reaction the humor and satire of demeanor was introduced in the form of Owed-e-punch, which swathed the irregularities, serration and Jaggedness of the society. But the quality of humor and satire of this newspaper was below standard. Jaded Hussein, Mach Bag Steamfitter, Tarragon Nathan Hajji and Jaywalk Parsed Barb etc. Are the eminent figures of this age. After this, there were seen several different kinds of humor and satire in Urdu literature and it gained a lot of popularity, some were self evident while others were mellow and mild. The names of Mullah Ramirez, Rehashed Mad Squid, Pratfall Bag, Eczema Bag Caught, Patria Babushka, Shattuck Than and Flak BEMA, etc. Re worth seriousness and humor. His purpose is always serious but style of expression is pleasant and witty. His choice of diction is the main reason of his successful writings ND he is an expert of using idiomatic and flowery language of Delhi. He loves antiquity and traditional people and is considered a conservative person. His style is productive and he talks about the improvement of society but never becomes dry and stringy. Weaker Gaga says that liveliness and vivacity ar e the main features of his style. In his writings certain happenings, characters and comparison are not used as tools to create laughter but words and sentences are constructed in such a pleasant way that they pleasantly touch the sensations of mind and heart. Such expressions automatically create smiles and one feels fresh and lively. 0 Although Patria Babushka has less contribution (in volume) but whatever he wrote gives him a prominent place in Urdu literature. His study is very vast and he has a great appreciation understanding of international and especially English literature. There is a touch of delicacy, liveliness and good taste in his humor. He creates humor with situations more than words. He is good at parody writing but repartee is his special technique. He does not laugh at the individuals but at the groups and classes. Stayed Abdullah writes about him that the essence of his humor is based on integrity, uprightness ND sincerity more than sympathy and kindness. He dislikes and hates absurdities. He is a misanthropist and sometimes mocks himself. 11 182 Rehashed Mad Quietude’s name is also mentioned along with Patria Babushka. Rehashed Mad was an alumni of Alight and taught there as a professor of Urdu literature. His essays are not easily comprehensible and intelligible because he keeps on referring to specific incidents and only those people can enjoy his writings who have deep knowledge in history, politics and literature. He quickly mentions one thing and the mind keeps on collecting segments into a single whole. The delicacy and fore-sightedness of his thoughts is quite different from other humorists. Ale- Mad Sartor writes about him that Rehashed Mad Squid is different from Patria and Particular Bag. He is among those people who are neither considered conservative nor modern rather he belongs to both the categories. He is an expert in paradox as well as repartee. Because of this dual quality he is considered Chesterton and Bernard Shah of Urdu literature. 12 Ale Mad Sartor gives a very good comparison of these three humor and satire writers, â€Å"Patria takes the raw material or his humor from the living beings where as Particular Bag from the dead ones writers were those who were not basically humorists but their writings reflect the sweetness of humor and satire. Some salient names of such writers are Mimed-LU- Fade, Balalaika Sad, Muffed All Badland, Manual Safari All Khan, Jazz Abdul Gaffer, Goshawk Hosannas Minimize, Abdul Amazed Salk, Amazed Lahore, Abraham Sales and Abdul Myocardial etc. The eminent names among modern humor writers are: Colonel Muhammad Khan, Shaffer-our-Raman, Gymkhana Ala Kapok, Fine Nash, Moisakos Hussein Had, Tall Hag Assam, Seaside Salk, Wausau Nazism, Goshawk Abdul Chaffer, Magmata Hussein, Young Butt and Muskrat Mad Housefly. The most prominent name among them is Muskrat Mad Housefly who is a natural humorist. His writings are adorned and decorated with special formalities but his sentences are smooth, pleasant and abrupt. He is witty and derives meanings out of meanings and deduces deep hidden meanings from apparent descriptions which seem to be an extempore conversation of a scholar. Most of his topics are taken from our day- today life but even from these common topics he seeks out some strange and amazing aspects of humor. Shade Mashes says that the foresight of Housefly entreats into human psyche and makes observations†¦ How to cite Humour and Satire in Urdu Literature, Papers

Group Thinking

Question: Which symptoms of groupthink do you feel are more common than the others? Share your reasoning. Answer: From the eight main symptoms of Groupthink, it can be stated that excessive stereotyping is a common symptoms among others. This means the group constructs negative stereotypes of rivals in and outside the world (Peterson, 2012). This can be avoided by bringing change and ready for taking new challenges by the individuals. Teams should be ready for enhancing experimental strategies and activities in way of setting educational workshop at the same time. Therefore, it is advisable to avoid groupthink that can be dangerous and has negative effects (Ozawa et al. 2014). Reference List Ozawa, S., Minato, A., Itaba, M., Murayama, S., Quarmal, S. B. (2014, November). Modeling of personal thinking and its application to studies of group thinking over the Internet. In Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM), 2014 IEEE International Conference on (pp. 15-17). IEEE. Peterson, R. (2012). Group Thinking. Business Strategy Review, 23(1), 48-50.

APA Referencing †Citing Social Media Posts

APA Referencing – Citing Social Media Posts APA Referencing – Citing Social Media Posts With social media, information now spreads faster than ever. And you might even need to cite a social media post in an academic paper at some point. Its a strange new world were living in.(Photo Credit) But social media posts need to be cited when they appear in academic writing, so make sure you get it right! In this blogpost, we look at the rules for doing this with APA referencing. Citing a Social Media Post APA treats publicly available posts on platforms like Facebook or Twitter as websites. As such, if mentioning a Twitter account or Facebook page in passing, you need to provide a URL in parentheses within the text: Thousands of people use the Financial Times’ Twitter account (https://twitter.com/ftfinancenews) to get breaking news on the markets. If referring to a specific post or update on social media, however, you’ll need to give a full in-text citation with a named author and date of publication: In a post on Facebook, the former president referred to the Paris Climate Agreement as â€Å"a crucial step forward in the fight against climate change† (Obama, 2016). In such cases, social media posts cited in your work should be accompanied by an entry in the reference list at the end of your document. Reference List In the reference list, APA has specific requirement for social media posts. The general format is: Surname, Initial. [Screen name/given name]. (Year, Month Day). Title or excerpt [Platform]. Retrieved from URL This includes providing a screen name and the date that the post was made. Since many social media posts don’t have a title, an excerpt of up to 40 words can be used instead. For example, the reference for the Facebook post cited above would appear as: Obama, B. [Barack]. (2016, November 4). Today marks a crucial step forward in the fight against climate change, as the historic Paris Climate Agreement officially enters into force. Lets keep pushing for progress [Facebook status update]. Retrieved from https://www.facebook.com/barackobama/posts/10154306132531749 Make sure that the URL provided is specifically for the post in question, not just the page or account from which it is taken. Citing a Personal Communication The rules for citing social media are a little different when the post isn’t publicly available (e.g., if it was a direct message). In this case, you treat the post as a personal communication. To do this, you should indicate that the information comes from a personal communication in parentheses as part of your citation, plus give a date for the message: Dr. Smith (personal communication, January 12, 2017) claimed that the study was promising but inconclusive. Since personal messages are not public, APA does not require you to include them in the reference list.

Essay on Agenda 3

Essay on Agenda 3 Essay on Agenda 3 Fire Evacuation Meeting December 23, 2019 0900hrs – 1130hrs Padre White Lounge Meeting called by: Positive Outlook Company Type of meeting: Planning Planning Facilitator: Tom Jones Note taker: Sally Fairfield Sally Field Timekeeper: Sally Field Attendees: Tom Jones, Fred Nerks, Sally Field, Peter Rabbit, Karen Goat, Peter Hazard Apologies: Nil Minutes of last meeting Sally Field Minutes Agenda item: O901hrs 1. Proposed Planned Evacuation Routine, Companies fire/ evacuation policies. Presenter: Tom Jones Discussion: Welcome by Tom Jones explanation of meeting purpose given Request for all phones to be turned off. Companies fire evacuation procedure need to comply with the companies fire safety policies and government by-laws. Building Plan shown Action items Person responsible Deadline Nil action required Agenda item: 0938hrs Role of Fire Brigade in the event of fire or evacuation of building and requirements of this department Presenter: Fred Nerks Discussion: Fire chief would take command on delegating tasks in the event of fire. Fire Brigade free uncluttered access to all parts of building at all times Have access to building plans displaying location of exit doors fire extinguishers etc .A plan of building to be placed clearly in foyer showing locations of fire equipment, exits and evacuation assembly point. Action items Person responsible Deadline Plan of building charting the above needs Tom Jones 20th Jan Agenda item: 1000hrs Fire wardens role in event of fire, evacuation Presenter: Karen Goat Discussion: Fire Warden will delegate duties and direct staff to appropriate areas in the event of fire. Fire warden will do roll call to identify if any person is missing. Was determined more Fire wardens needed Karen voiced concern she was unsure of fire wardens role compared to the fire chief Fire wardens role explained by Fred Nerks (fire brigade chief) Participants agreed a role description should be prepared and issued Action items Person responsible Deadline Fire wardens selected Karen Goat 10th Jan Fire Wardens role description Fred Nerks 10th Jan Agenda item: 1022hrs Hazards and risks Presenter: Peter Rabbit Discussion: Hazards that could cause problems in the event of a evacuation. Exit doors need to be cleared. Flammable liquids need to be stored in correct manner. Determined that wheelchair access is poor in case of evacuation alterations need to be made. Ramps instead of steps suggested and agreed on by participants. A full hazard/risk evaluation to be completed and addressed at next meeting. Action items Person responsible Deadline Full Hazard/Risk evaluation of premises inner and outer Peter

Home Alice Walker Everyday Use Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Home Alice Walker Everyday Use - Essay Example This paper will aim to highlight the various aspects in which Dee’s character associates to home and her identity. Right from the start of story, Dee is presented as a character that appears to be a misfit in the environment depicted in the story. Dee’s mother and sister may be regarded as exemplary characters that have very polite habits of speaking and dealing with people. It appears that this is perhaps the writer’s way of creating a sense of ‘normal’ in the minds of readers. Dee character when contrasted against this ‘normal’ becomes extremely shocking for the reader and it is clearly evident that Dee displays characteristics that are alien to the environment of the home and its people. The sharp contrast that exists between Dee and her younger sister is a reflection of the fact that Dee has no emotional bonding to her home; a feature that is missing in her younger sister. Immediately upon arriving at her own home, she starts to behave in a manner that is unacceptable by all moral standards and the residents of home appear to be defending themselves from this new ‘trouble’. She is accompanied by her new boyfriend who has a religion and culture that is different from hers. This is Walker’s way of reflecting upon her new plan for her future. She has no intentions to revisit her culture in the future; instead she is looking for joining new people in life and most probably to adopt their culture. With this new ‘future’ sitting beside her during the dinner, she talks about the glory of her ‘roots’ and wishes to grab hold of the possessions that are a representation of her roots; but her real intention is to use her roots to ‘decorate’ her surroundings. Walker at this stage clearly exposes her false sense of belonging to her ‘roots’, since a person’s origins are not meant to deco rate their environment, but to make them proud of

Program capstone IP2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Program capstone IP2 - Essay Example y and Unmistakability, meaning that a clear and accurate relationship exists between the criteria and the real consequences, comprehensive but concise, meaning that they cover the range of relevant consequences but the evaluation framework remains systematic and manageable and there are no redundancies, direct and ends-oriented, meaning they report directly on the consequences of interest and provide enough information that informed value judgments can reasonably be made on the basis of them, measurable and Consistently Applied to allow consistent comparisons across other options. It clearly elaborate the criteria should be able to distinguish the relative degree of impact across other options. The exclusion of the qualitative descriptions of impact may not be there, or impacts that can’t be physically measured in the field. For good decision making, you should include the following metrics into your framework to minimize the chances of making a bad decision. First perform a condition Analysis, what is motivating the need for a choice, what might occur if no decision is made, who will decision impact either indirectly or indirectly, what data, exploration, or supporting information you have to validate  the inclinations driving your  decision. Secondly, Focus your Decision to Public Scrutiny and remember there are no decisions which are private. Rather the details surrounding any decision will likely come out. In addition, conduct a Cost/Benefit Analysis, by doing the potential benefits derived from the decision justify the expected costs. Assess the Reward or risk Ratio; what are all the likely rewards, and when compared with all the potential risks are the odds in your favor, or are they stacked against you. Furthermore, Evaluate whether  it is the Right thing to do. I.e. standing behind decisio ns that everyone supports doesn’t particularly require a lot of boldness. On the other hand, standing behind what one believes is the right decision in the face of

Potential of Stobart Group Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Potential of Stobart Group - Assignment Example The founder of the company Mr Eddie Stobart recently passed away in 2011.Currently, Eddie Stobart operates in forty sites that are well distributed across Europe and it employs over 5,300 people.It has more than 2000 tractors and more than 6000 million square feet for the purpose of warehousing. The business empire is divided into Stobart Ports, Rail divisions and Stobart Air. Stobart is one of the most respected enterprises in the transport and warehousing industry. To attain a positive macro business economic business environment, the Company responds to any challenges that crop up and works day and night to meet the ever-changing business environment. Stobart employs an innovative approach to projects besides having a highly skilled and motivated workforce which make it possible for it to compete for some of the most complex projects smoothly. Amidst the broad economic climate, moving forward looks uncertain but the Board of governors insists that Stobart has the right strategy and people who show the resilience that is needed for prosperity even in tough economic hardships. Stobart aims at becoming UK’s leading provider of multimodal solutions. The company works under a conducive environment in within the UK and other European countries, after the establishment of the European Union, the business has continued to flourish due to relaxed rules in the cross-border trade and movement. Other factors that have enabled is growth is the use of one currency, government cooperation in establishment and completion of a number of projects and fair competition in the market. For example in 2010, the government approved the London Southend Airport plans after the company had presented the plan to the government.When a company gets adequate support from the government and the industry it is involved in, it is likely to grow and flourish. The biogas production has branded Stobart as an environmentally conscious company this has achieved it public approval compared to their companies in the industry (Paladino, 2007).

A Review Of The Novel Alias Grace English Literature Essay

A Review Of The Novel Alias Grace English Literature Essay Grace Marks is one of the two accused for the murders of her employer, Mr. Kinnear and his housewife, Nancy. She was sentenced to life imprisonment. Initially she claims that she does not remember what happened at the scene of the crime. Grace is introverted and carefully chooses what she says so that she does not reveal much information about herself. After Dr. Jordan comes, she opens up a little and tells him her tough childhood and what she remembers about the murders. By the end of the novel, Grace is pardoned, marries her lover, Jamie Dr. Simon Jordan is the physician that is to analyze Grace. He is interested in her circumstances and wants to use what he knows about psychology to pry as much information from her as possible so that it can be determined whether or not she really is suffering from amnesia. After entering in a relationship with Mrs. Humphrey, his landlady, and the results of Graces hypnotism, Dr. Jordan becomes disillusioned. He is unable to come to a conclusion and in the end just returns to Europe. Mary Whitney is a girl about Graces age who also worked for Mrs. Parkinson. Mary is more experienced with worldly matters and thus becomes sort of like a mentor to Grace. It is through Mary that Grace is able to find family. They are like sisters and become close to each other. She has an affair with Mr. George that ends up in a pregnancy and a failed abortion that takes away her life. Grace seems to care more for Mary than her own mother because when her mom died, she thought twice about using the sheet to cover her. On the other hand, Grace uses her money to provide the best possible funeral for her friend. Supposedly, the spirit of Mary resides in Grace and will come out during hypnotism. Nancy Montgomery is the housemaid of Mr. Thomas Kinnear. When she is first introduced, she is looking for extra help. She is not as welcoming or friendly as Graces last employer, Mrs. Parkinson. She feels as though she is superior to Grace. Nancy has an affair with Kinnear and gets jealous of Kinnear when he starts lusting for Grace. She is later found in the cellar, strangled and her throat cut. 4. Conflicts: One major conflict in the novel is determining Graces innocence and also her identity. Much of the book is concerned about Grace giving the readers background information about herself and her version of what happened during the time of the murders The conflict never gets resolved because Dr. Jordan never comes to a conclusion and just abandons his all of his findings. He does not know what to think after he witnesses the spirit of Mary Whitney possess Graces body. Atwood gives you all of many small pieces and it is up to readers to put everything together and then decide whether or not Grace is guilty or not 5. Opening chapter or scene: Alias Grace opens with a dream about Nancy, a dream that also occurs again later on in the novel. The year is 1851 and Grace is twenty-four years old. She has been in prison ever since she was sixteen. She tries to be the model prisoner even though life in the penitentiary is described as tough. She tells this dream to Dr. Jordan when they arrive at the part of the story. In the next section is a little poem that gives a quick but somewhat inaccurate summary of what has already happened before the novel started. The opening gives some background information about Graces life and also foreshadows many events. 6. Plot: Grace has been kept at the Kingston Penitentiary when Dr. Jordan comes and performs his project with Grace, the inciting incident After Graces initial reluctance to participate with Dr. Jordan ends, the rising action occurs when Grace relates her past to him. She is an immigrant from Ireland to Canada and suffers from a dysfunctional and poverty-stricken family. Life was hard for her because her father was worthless. She was able to find a job as a housekeeper. While working, she befriends Mary Whitney. She is traumatized when Mary dies because of an unsuccessful abortion and quits her job. She takes up another job with Nancy Montgomery, who works at the Kinnear estate She also meets James McDermott, another worker under Mr. Kinnear. Nancy and Mr. Kinnear seem to have a relationship together but now Kinnear is paying more attention to Grace. James thinks that Nancy and Kinnear should be killed. Grace then tells Dr. Jordan that James kills them both and then faints when James threatens her. When she awakens, James says that she must keep her part of the deal which implied that she was to go to bed with him. Grace tries to put him off and persuades him to escape to Toronto but they soon get captured. In the climax, Dr. Dupont hypnotizes Graces but instead a spirit comes out saying that she is not Grace but Mary Whitney. When the trance is broken, Grace comes back but does not remember what happened during the hypnosis. 7. Conclusion: In the novels falling action and conclusion, a disoriented and confused Dr. Jordan ceases his investigations and returns back to Europe Grace is pardoned and released from the penitentiary at the age of forty-five. She ends up marrying her childhood lover, Jaime Walsh and soon gets pregnant. The novel ends with a passage about how Grace will quilt the Tree of Paradise. She will interweave Marys petticoat, her prison nightdress, and Nancys dress altogether. The ending was only somewhat appropriate because it did not really feel as if he flowed with the rest of the story, that it did not belong there. It just seems attached on. 8. Themes: One theme of the novel is gender and feminism in the nineteenth century. Women back then were supposed to act a certain way. They were to be submissive and modest with the men dominating. Women were also thought to be more petite and moral. This may be a reason why James was executed and why Grace was only sent to prison. Another theme of the novel is that of sexuality. This theme seems to be a big driving force in the story. Mary Whitney gets involved in a sexual affair that has big repercussions. While in prison Grace must deal with the verbal abuse and sexual advances of the guards. Grace is accused of having a sexual encounter with Jamie in the orchard. Also when Mrs. Humphreys husband leaves her, she turns to a sexual relationship with Dr. Jordan for comfort. Dr. Jordan, on the other hand has fantasies of Miss Lydia and even Grace. Both Mr. Kinnear and James lust after Grace. Kinnear and Nancy have an affair too. Either way, sexuality plays an important role in the novel. 9. Symbols/Archetypes: One big symbol is that of the quilt. There is both a physical quilt, the one that Grace is working on, and a mental quilt. Each time Dr. Jordan examines Grace, it seems if as though another piece of Graces life and identity are sewed onto a quilt. All of the little intricate bits and memories are stitched together make up the whole quilt and there are also different ways to look at and interpret quilts. In addition, the title of each chapter is a name of a real quilting design. Another symbol may be that apples. They could symbolize the truth and knowledge. It could also represent the apple in the Garden of Eden. Grace could symbolize Eve, who was manipulated by something evil and then was punished for it. 10. Parallel events/parallel works: Alias Grace is similar to the story of the Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Gillman. Both works of literature were about psychiatric care. Women were the protagonist in both stories. Also both women were isolated from other people, one in an asylum, another in a lonely room. The dream that Grace describes in the opening chapter makes another appearance in the middle of the novel. In it, Grace sees Nancy with blood all over her face. Alias Grace is the retelling of the real story of Grace Marks. It is a historical fiction novel though, so some aspects such as the character of Dr. Simon Jordan are made up. 11. Style: Atwood rarely uses quotations in this novel. This makes the text more confusing as to who is talking and thinking which thoughts. This does emphasize the ambiguity of Graces life and her account of the murders In addition to the lack of punctuation, Grace also uses the word could very often. This makes it seems like she is making up some of the details, that what she says is conditional The story is presented from the point of view of Graces At the beginning of each chapter, Atwood uses a real historical article and/or a quote that describes something about Grace to introduce the next section. To highlight the quilt theme, Atwood also names each chapter after a genuine quilting pattern and even provides a small picture of the design. 12. Significant lines: I would rather be a murderess than a murderer, if those are the only choices (23) showing feminist attitudes like passing through the gates of Hell and into Paradise (447) when she left the penitentiary and went off into the real world and that is the same with all quilts, you can see them two different ways, by looking at the dark pieces, or else the light (162) there are always more than one way to look at things in life and everything has a dark and light side Murderess is a strong word to have attached to you (27) she has a label attached to her and it makes her think a certain way And so we will all be together (460) the last line of the novel, Grace will all of the remnants of her past onto one quilt so that she can look at it and move on

Advantages and Feasibility of Using Synthetic Oils in Production Vehicles :: Synthetic Motor Oil

ABSTRACT During a recent company meeting, we discussed the benefits of substituting a synthetic based motor oil for the conventional petroleum based oil now used in our new production vehicles. This report investigates the advantages and feasibility of using synthetic oils. Several oil manufacturers, as well as top engineers and engine builders, have submitted first hand information on this topic and strongly support the use of synthetic oil. The use of this product will benefit our company in may ways, Singlehandedly, synthetic oils will boost power and fuel economy of every one of our vehicles, giving us high marks with prospective buyers of new vehicles as well as environmental agencies. This product is economically advantageous, not just to initially implement, but also on a long term basis. Synthetic oils release less contaminants to the atmosphere, are changed less frequently and protect an engine much better than conventional oils. I recommend the immediate change to the use of synthetic motor oil for our new vehicles. The future lies with the best available technology, and synthetic oils are vital in keeping this edge. 2.0 INTRODUCTION Synthetic oil is a man made motor oil for use in almost every kind of internal combustion engine. Its material properties enable it to provide better fuel economy, more power and give off less contaminants to the atmosphere. It is recommended that all of our new vehicles use synthetic oil. Laboratory tests and scientific fact, as well as testimonials from famous engineers and engine builders, all confirm the superiority of these oils. In this report I will discuss the capabilities and properties of synthetic oil. I will also cover their economic and other beneficial advantages over conventional petroleum based oil that is now used. 3.0 BODY Today, the product undergoing considerable scrutiny is synthetic oil. After all, your old Chevy went over 100,000 miles on regular old 30 weight oil, so why take a risk on some man-made snake oil that might ruin your engine? These were probably legitimate concerns when synthetics first hit the market over a decade ago. But like anything else technical, synthetic oils have advanced and keep advancing all the time. Would your opinion of synthetics change if you were told you car's engine and drivetrain might last three times as long if you used them? The backbone of powertrain protection is proper lubrication and minimized heat.

Is the Most Important Asset of an Organization

Question : â€Å"Human Resource (employees) is the most important asset of an organization. † Introduction Traditionally, human resource focused mainly on administrative functions and process personnel management. However, due to technology advancement, administrative tasks have reduced. The role of human resource has shifted and seems to be taking up more responsibility in company strategic planning and development. This theory has been supported in the work of Noe et al (2010, p. 719) Durai (2010, p. 109) stated, â€Å"Employees are the precious asset of an organization†.In view of this statement, human resource planning plays an important role to optimize the utilization of its asset in term of cost and productivity. Involvement with company’s strategic planning will allow human resource department to have a broader view of employees’ skill requirement and deployment. Ineffective planning will cause a hindrance to employee satisfactory and organization success. In this paper, we will study how the theory of compensation management, job rotation, recognition and training will motivate employees.Correspondence to these theories, organization will gain in productivity and profit once the employees are appeased with the working environment. Employee engagement with the organization Employees’ talent and efforts have tangible effects on an organization’s productivity and stability. And such efforts are often been neglected and fail to satisfy employees’ needs. When employees’ efforts are not recognized, there will be a lack of commitment to the organization. Thus, employees will not be motivated and will be less creative. Effectiveness of Compensation ManagementIn order to facilitate the achievement of an organization’s goals and key values, compensation management plays an important role in human resource management function. Employees should be managed properly and motivated by providing the best co mpensation system based on the job done and its result. A good compensation system will attract and retain skilled and productive employees. (Pattanayak B, p. 284) According to Armstrong (2002, p. 8), the compensation system consists of a total remuneration of direct financial rewards (fixed wage and variable pay) and employee benefits (annual leave and sick leave).And, non-financial rewards such is job recognition, opportunities for career advancement and personal growth are also part of the compensation system. Diagram 2 shows the list of financial and non-financial rewards that an organization can apply under the compensation system. [pic] Noe et al. (2010, p. 547) mentioned that employees’ emotion and function towards the organization is mainly influence by the compensation payout. Difference in individual personal characteristic will draw people to different compensation systems.A great solution to compensate employees in the organization is to adapt combination program rather that one program over another. List of compensation programs are merit pay, incentive pay, profit sharing, ownership, gain sharing, and skill-based pay. Merit pay is one of the best rewarding compensation programs. Employees are measured and payout annually based on the individuals performance appraisal rated by employees’ supervisor. Many companies in Singapore are adapting this compensation program for their permanent staffs. Employees will be more motivated when their performances are recognized and their basic pay is increased.Another example of compensation program is incentive pay. Incentive pay is usually seen in organization with sales team that brings in revenue and profit that will gain market share for the company. Employees with higher performance will gain in such compensation program as they measured based on the amount of products or services sold and the payout is not part on the employee’s basic pay. Payment will be earned on a weekly or monthly basis depending on the organization’s policy. Once an individual is motivated by such monetary rewards, he will sell more products and services for the rganization. However, if the compensation program is not well planned, it will have a negative effect to the organization to support its business objectives. As mentioned in the article by Daly D (2009), skilled-based pay is the remuneration to payout employees with a better skilled knowledge that related to the job. Employees who have attained new skill and knowledge will be compensated more comparing to their co-colleagues. Taking an example of a technician in a manufacturing organization, he will be rewarded once he has completed the machine repair and maintenance program.In order for him to continue to be compensated with better basic pay, he has to continue to upgrade his skillsets. Once the employees’ market value has increased, he will be motivated to contribute more to the organization and improve productivity. Effectiveness of Job Rotation & Recognition Apart from monetary rewards, job rotation has a function to motivate employees to enhance their skill knowledge and contribute more to the organization. Job rotation is systematic procedure whereby individual employee is shifted from current position or department to another in a given period of time.Employees will be multi skilled and able to support the organization when skillsets are required. When a job is less lifeless or monotonous, employees will perform better and improve productivity. Hence, employees will gain a promotion and increase their income. (Noe et al, p. 430) Effectiveness of Recognition Recognize and reward are exactly what the employees in the organization looking forward for a better growth in their career. The right motivation will influence the employees’ behavior and in return employees will achieve the organization’s goals and objective and strive for higher productivity.Once the employees are satis fied and feel rewarded, it is unlikely for them to leave the organization. Employees will dedicated their skill and time for the organization. Therefore, the management should always be enthusiastically recognizing the talented and hardworking individuals to create a healthier working environment for the employees to come to work happily every day. Effectiveness of Training and Development Engaging employees with training and development are the two fundamental components in an organization.Both training and development do co-exist, as training will provide the skillsets and knowledge for the employees’ needs in the job. Whereas, development is a process to prepare employees in gaining new skills and knowledge for forthcoming demand in the current job or a job that do not exist. When employees obtained new skills and knowledge, it will improve the quality of the work. Organization will take the opportunities to attract and retain talented employees to gain profits and product ivity. This theory is support by Noe et al. (2010, p. 87) ConclusionEmployees are still an integral part of a company, being important assets. They must be constantly motivated and rewarded financial or non-financial on effort done on the job. Thus, human resource management has to balance the needs and achieve the goals and objective of both employees and the organization. Once the employees gained the recognition from the organization, they will produce better results and profits. Reference Armstrong M, 2002: Employees Rewards, London: CIPD Publishing. Durai P, 2010: Human Resource Management, New Delhi: Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt Ltd.Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhart, Wright, 2010: Human Resource Management Gaining A Competitive Advantage, 7th Edition: New York, McGraw-Hill. Pattanayak B, 2006: Human Resource Management, 3rd Edition: New Delhi, Prentice Hall of India Private Limited. Daly D, 2009. Employee Relations, Motivation, Performance Management, DeGarmo Group. Available http:// www. degarmogroup. com/index. php/2009/03/the-effectiveness-of-skill-based-pay-systems/ [1 Dec 2010] Own Referencing Employee reward Michael Armstrong CIPD Publishing, 2002 – 573 pages http://books. google. com/books? d=keiVwGxm3i0C&pg=PA363&dq=financial+and+non+financial+rewards&hl=en&ei=lELSTtXwHYLorQeht-XnDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CDcQ6AEwAA#v=snippet&q=total%20remuneration&f=false Durai P, Human Resource Management, Pearson Education India Page109 http://books. google. com. sg/books? id=cRAvCCsN2e0C&pg=PA109&dq=what+the+point+on+human+resource+is+an+asset+to+organisation&hl=en&ei=58zRTti1K9HnrAeGjOnGDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CEIQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=what%20the%20point%20on%20human%20resource%20is%20an%20asset%20to%20organisation&f=false pic] Ronel Kleynhans, Human Resource Management 2006 Page 6 Pearson South Africa, 1 Mar, 2006 – Business & Economics – 310 pages http://books. google. com. sg/books? id=8_acBYy_77oC&pg= PA6&dq=HRM+-+employee+is+an+asset&hl=en&ei=bbHRTsf8LYHTrQf1pakw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CEAQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=HRM%20-%20employee%20is%20an%20asset&f=false Human Resource Management 3Rd Ed. Biswajeet Pattanayak PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. , 1 Mar, 2005 – 504 pages http://books. google. com/books? id=dF7G0yZ51GgC&dq=compensation+management&a mp;source=gbs_navlinks_s [pic]Ultimate Small Business Marketing Guide James Stephenson, Courtney Thurman Entrepreneur Press, 4 Jan, 2007 – Business & Economics – 478 pages http://books. google. com/books? id=algx60Sbqo0C&dq=training+program+to+motivate&source=gbs_navlinks_s Industrial/Organizational Psychology: An Applied Approach Michael G. Aamodt Striking a balance between research, theory, and application, the sixth edition of INDUSTRIAL/ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY: AN APPLIED APPROACH http://books. google. com/books? id=TgE7zklRjHgC&dq=training+program+to+motivate&source=gbs_navlinks_s David Daly http://www. egarmogroup. com/index. php/2009/03/the-effectiveness-of-skill-based-pay-systems/ Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Organization Behaviour Rahul Arora – 2000 – 573 pages – Full viewSarup & Sons, 1 Jan, 2000 – 573 pages Recognition & Reward Program Best Practices By Derek Irvine, Globoforce | April 15, 2011 http://www. hrmtoday. com/talent/human-resources-management/recognition-reward-program-best-practices/ Make Their Day! Employee Recognition That Works: Proven Ways to Boost Morale, Productivity, and Profits Cindy Ventrice ReadHowYouWant. com, 6 Aug, 2010 – Business & Economics – 336 pages

Act460 Week 3 Essays

Act460 Week 3 Essays Act460 Week 3 Essay Act460 Week 3 Essay Original Data: selling price: 40. 00 Variable Expenses: Invoice Cost: 18. 00 Sales Commission: 7. 00 Total Variable Expenses: 25. 00 Fixed Expenses: Rent: 80,000. 00 Advertising: 150,000. 00 salaries: 70,000. 00 Total Fixed Expenses: 300,000. 00 1. Calculate the annual break-even point in dollar sales and in unit sales for Store 36. Unit Contribution Margin = selling price per unit variable Expenses Unit Contribution Margin = 40. 00 25. 00 Unit Contribution Margin = 15. 0 per shirt Break even point = (target profit + fixed expenses) / unit contribution margin Break even point = (0. 00 + 300,000. 0) / 15. 00 Break even point = 20,000 units Break even point in sales = 20,000 x 40 = 800,000 up to 30,000 shirts sold each year. Clearly indicate the break-even point on the graph. 3. If 19,000 shirts are sold in a year, what would be Store 36s net operating income or loss? Sales (19,000 shirts x 40 per Variable Expenses (19,000 shirts x 25 per shirt) (475,000) Cont ribution Margin 285,000 Fixed expenses (300,000) Net operating Loss (15,000) 4. The company is considering paying the store manager of Store 36 an incentive commission of $3 per shirt (in addition to salespersons commissions). If this change s made, what will be the new break-even point in dollar sales and in unit sales? $3. 00 added commission increases the new variable price to $28 New Data: Manager Commission: 3. 00 Total Variable Expenses: 28. 00 Contribution Margin = 40. 00 28. 00 = 12. 00 0 new contribution margin Break even point = (0. 00 + 300,000) / 12. 0 = 25,000 0 breakeven point in units Break even point in sales = 25,000 x 40. 00 = 1,000,000 0 break even point in sales paying the store manager a $3. 00 commission on each shirt sold in excess of the break-even point. If this change is made, what will be the stores net operating ncome or loss if 23,500 shirts are sold in a year? Sales: 23,500 Original Break Even Point: 20,000 overage: 3,500 Profit to the store = overage in units x contribution margin 3,500 x 12. 00 = 42,000 Oprofit to the store 6. Re fer to the original data. The company is considering eliminating sales commissions entirely in its stores and increasing fixed salaries by $107,000 annually. a. If this change is made, what will be the new break-even point in dollar sales and in unit sales in Store 36? Selling Price: 40. 00 Total Variable Expenses: 18. 00 Additional salaries: 107,000. 00 Total Fixed Expenses: 407,000. 00 Contribution Margin = 40- 18 = 22. 00 0 new contribution margin Break even point = (0+407,000) / 22 = 18,500 0 new break even point in units Break even point in sales = 18,500 x break even point in sales. . Would you recommend that change be made? Explain. It is hard to recommend the proposed change from commission to salary based on the information provided. Additional information would be necessary to make an educated recommendation. What have the previous quarters shown in regards to sales? Although the change from commission to salary would increase the contribution margin and drop the break even point there are many fact ors that hould be considered before implementing this change. If sales teams are changed from variable pay to fixed pay, it may reduce their incentive to sell more shirts to clients. If the shirts essentially sell themselves and dont needed a motivated sales person then the switch may be beneficial. Ultimately it is most companys goals to reduce their break even point, but without further information it is undetermined as to whether this change would be beneficial for Shirts Unlimited. Garrison, R. H. , E. W. Noreen, and P. C. Brewer. Managerial Accounting. Fourteenth. New York: McGraw-Hill/lrwin, 2011 Print.

Free Essays on Palm Beach Atlantic Admission Application

Palm Beach Atlantic Admission Application As a 1st year student at PBCC, I have experienced the demands that are required to succeed as a college pupil. Focus, persistence, responsibility and desire for perfection are the characteristics I present towards obtaining my college degree. Coming from parents which are college graduates and hold respectful occupations which include high demands, my standards and morals are set very high. My present goals are to continue my education, mature as a person, play soccer at a competitive level and surround myself in a productive, positive environment. I feel confident that if I continue with the fulfillment of my present goals this foundation in turn, will stem into the onset of my future goals, which include an engineering degree, a successful private owned business, a professional soccer career, and a beautiful family. Furthermore, through Palm Beach Atlantic, a Christian school, I believe the majority of my goals can be accomplished. I can obtain my engineering degree living in a very studious and educational environment. While attaining my education, my first priority, I can live out my passion and love, which is playing soccer. I have researched the soccer program and I feel it would be a great accomplishment and privilege to be a part of. Plus, the downtown location gave me a vibe that would allow me to establish myself and interact in a mature, lively setting. Personally, I think PBA is perfect for the beginning to my future. I think of myself as a â€Å"winner†, and from my visit and conversation with the head soccer coach, students and faculty I believe Palm Beach Atlantic is a community of winners were I can excel and reach new heights. I’d be honored, and would look forward, to being part of such an excellent college.... Free Essays on Palm Beach Atlantic Admission Application Free Essays on Palm Beach Atlantic Admission Application Palm Beach Atlantic Admission Application As a 1st year student at PBCC, I have experienced the demands that are required to succeed as a college pupil. Focus, persistence, responsibility and desire for perfection are the characteristics I present towards obtaining my college degree. Coming from parents which are college graduates and hold respectful occupations which include high demands, my standards and morals are set very high. My present goals are to continue my education, mature as a person, play soccer at a competitive level and surround myself in a productive, positive environment. I feel confident that if I continue with the fulfillment of my present goals this foundation in turn, will stem into the onset of my future goals, which include an engineering degree, a successful private owned business, a professional soccer career, and a beautiful family. Furthermore, through Palm Beach Atlantic, a Christian school, I believe the majority of my goals can be accomplished. I can obtain my engineering degree living in a very studious and educational environment. While attaining my education, my first priority, I can live out my passion and love, which is playing soccer. I have researched the soccer program and I feel it would be a great accomplishment and privilege to be a part of. Plus, the downtown location gave me a vibe that would allow me to establish myself and interact in a mature, lively setting. Personally, I think PBA is perfect for the beginning to my future. I think of myself as a â€Å"winner†, and from my visit and conversation with the head soccer coach, students and faculty I believe Palm Beach Atlantic is a community of winners were I can excel and reach new heights. I’d be honored, and would look forward, to being part of such an excellent college....

Germen Cilivization --The Holocaust Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Germen Cilivization --The Holocaust - Essay Example The requirement of religious conversion compared to the compulsion that Turkish nationality was the only accepted guiding ideological principle prior to the Armenian Genocide (Haperen, Have and Kierman 48). However, failure of the Jews to convert to Christianity heightened hatred and fear that translated into what became known as racial anti-Semitism driven by unconfirmed biological theories. Based on Dalton (4) German National Socialism (Nazism) made anti-Semitism an integral part of them arguing that the history of humans was determined by biological struggle amongst populations of different racial backgrounds. Additionally, the Nazis proceeded to view the Jews as the driving force behind communism internationally. The Nazis also referred to the Jews as responsible for finance capital that drove the world to impoverishment and economic crisis. Jews to the Germans were a potential danger just like the United States had viewed the Germans, Japanese, and Italians. In reiteration, the Nazis stripped off from the Jews their rights, dispossessed their property, forced them to live in communities, and deported as well as mistreated them. For instance, failure to convert to Christianity led to the renunciation of rights and defense under the law. Consequently, the Jews were annihilated because of their cultural, social, religious, and ethnic attributes all in for the reason that they were the cause of Germans’ misfortunes, and that whether they converted to Christianity or were born in Germany, they remained Jews and not true Germans to be spared from the war (256-257). In order to define Germany as a pure racial community, Hitler introduced racial policy and foreign policy (Fulbrook 189-190) as described in the Mein Kampf book in 1924. Through the racial policy, Hitler established laws and policies for implementation of the Nazis and that regarded the Aryan race or master race as the

Sustainable Management Futures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Sustainable Management Futures - Essay Example This issue raises a number of specific questions regarding ethics and morality. Discussion There are a number of considerations when evaluating the ethics and morality of the free market. Classic economic theory rooted in Adam Smith largely painted free market economics not only as an ethical and moral system, but as the necessary processes that occurred during transactions (Scott 2004, p. 34). Smith’s ‘invisible hand’ posited that the invisible hand of the market would, eventually rectify supply and demand factors, as well as immoral business practices (Scott 2004, p. 34). While to an extent it’s clear that modern economic systems abide by Smith’s invisible hand of the market, there are further ethical and moral constraints that are not entirely articulated by Smith’s theory. From an overarching perspective one of the prominent criticisms has emerged from 19th century thinker Karl Marx. Marx not only criticized the free market, but the entire ty of the capitalist system (Scott 2004, p. 70). This perspective considered that capitalist operations resulted in the increased exploitation of workers. In this sense, the very notion of ‘profit’ is the extraction of value from the employee’s portion of work. ... In the modern Western world one of the most prominent examples of this occurred with Standard Oil who had consolidated the petroleum industry in the 20th century; this organization was later divided into smaller subsidiaries as a means of allowing for increased competition (Shaw 2009, p. 45). There is the recognition that if the government was to allow unhinged capital expansion and the development of monopolies and oligopolies then there would be a corresponding increase in prices. Without competition businesses have no motivation towards lower prices. Strictly speaking this perspective eschews traditional notions of the free market as operating without government regulation. This recognition then would simply posit free market economics as an unethical system as it limits fair competition. Another prominent consideration within the ethics and morals of the free market system are considerations related to the environment and social welfare. In terms of the environment many industrie s have a potential considerable impact on environment sustainability. Most prominently one recognizes these industries with petroleum companies that have been involved in costly oil spills or other processes of environmental degradation. Another prominent consideration involves companies that produce high amounts of pollutants. Notably, in regions such as China such pollution has resulted in considerable degradation to the skyline and available oxygen (Mathews 1997; Gray 2006; Gray 2002). Finally, there is the consideration of wage rates. Most prominent in emerging economies such as China, but also in the developed world, are concerns related to factory labor. Replete with poor wages and long hours these

Report discussing from an administration and security perspective, the Essay

Report discussing from an administration and security perspective, the role and function of SAMBA within a UNIX network - Essay Example Organizations use Linux servers when it comes to the protection, reliability and perfection. Although, the Microsoft has a vast variety of software and products, still Linux based server are maintained for storing research data, financial data, demographics of any sort vice versa. Due to Linux non user friendly environment, it cannot be used for workstations. A Microsoft window is more users friendly and has lots of accessibility options which make it advanced in this compartment. These days most of the organization wants to provide access to the data which has been maintained on the Linux server. Apart from the Linux server, all the servers and workstation are running on the Microsoft Windows environment. The Samba server needs to be installed on either any one of them; it can be installed on Linux server or Microsoft windows server for providing access to the files stored in Linux server. If printing services are required from the Linux machine to the Windows Platform, or either way, the Samba server will do it for you. There are many definitions on the World Wide Web. www.Stason.org defines that â€Å"SAMBA is a suite of programs which work together to allow clients to access UNIX file space and printers via the SMB (Session Message Block) protocol†. Another good definition is given on www.Ubuntu .com which states that â€Å"Samba is an implementation of the SMB/CIFS protocol for the Unix systems, providing support for cross-platform file and printer sharing with the Microsoft Windows, the OS X, and the other Unix systems†. The software must contain the source code and there will be no restriction in distribution of the source code. The source code can be easily accessible through a free-of-charge website. The source code must be in a programmable form so that the programmer can modify the software as per requirement. The license must allow a different name or version number of the software if the

Witness Essay Example for Free

Witness Essay The motion picture witness directed by Peter Weir in 1985 is a uniquely classic film which has no Hollywood cliches and the setting of different worlds help the audience develop ideas. Weir uses the Philadelphia Police Department scene to convey idea of police corruption. Significantly he uses a rare combination of synthesised 1980s soundtrack and a close up of Samuel Lapp. While Samuel Lapp walks about the police station he recognises Mcphees picture in a glass cabinet Samuel stops and stares at Mcphee who is the murderer. It is at this point that the close-up of Samuel staring in prominent the soundtrack of a high pitched synthesised actually gets louder as they full impact of this scene prevails. Weir uses a close up of Samuel to show his shock and dismay as a facial expression,he also combines this with the high pitch Soundtrack to create suspense. The impact on the audience is realisation that the pivotal scene in the film and that the murderer is in fact a policeman. The use of western setting such as a city police station and the concept of police corruption. The fast food scene is used to portray the idea of different worlds. Weir uses the sound effect of the kitchen as the connection to the world that we know and a long shot showing John, Racheal and Sam are eating. John, Racheal and Samuel are sitting at the diner and just about to eat lunch the clash at different worlds is present when John starts to frantically eating the hot dog while Racheal and Samuel go in there habit of praying before eating the sound effects of the cars outside and the sound effects of the kitchen. Weir uses the long shot to show the difference between Books world and Lapps world. The use of the scenery, the soundtrack and the long shot of the table shows the concept of different world and different experiences The barn raising scene has been one of the most famous scene in Hollywood because it shows how Book has moved into a new setting. The panning on the lemonade showing the friendship o the two men that like Racheal it also shows the idea of community acceptance of two men from different areas start areas start to work together. Weir uses the panning technique to show a development on the idea that Daniel and Book would have a long lasting friendship. The setting of the Amish country and the western man (Book) working together as a community which help the audience develop and idea of friendship. During the final scene the bell ringing scene was a significant courageous moment for Samuel this shows he is independent. The long shot of the Amish men coming over the hills to help shows of a close-knit community of the Amish. Weir uses the long shot to show that the neighbours would come and assist them in any in any way. The impact on the audience is the realisation that this is a pivotal scene from the point of view of Samuel because the courage that he possesses to stand up against the evil that is terrorising there house. Weir has intelligently shown Amish setting of the rural farm and the bell tower yard contrasting the frantic western setting out of the fast food diner and the busy police department. These choices of setting helped Weir establish his ideas of police corruption inside the police department and the unity and combined strength within the Amish community

Social Care For Older Adults In England Social Work Essay

Social Care For Older Adults In England Social Work Essay During the last two decades social care for older adults in England has witnessed many significant changes. Implementation of the community care reform, privatisation of the social care and Direct Payments have had an impact on the social work as a profession to date. In the first part of the literature review I would like to give an overview how all of these initiatives shaped present social work practice for older adults and then focus strictly on personal budgets and recent research of the practice. Traditional social work characterises working closely with the service user, building very much needed relationship, assessing problems, making a judgment about coping abilities, looking on range of resources and at the end making an informed professional judgment about the best way to support service user (Lymbery, 1998). Dustin (2006) presents traditional set of skills such as communication and interpersonal skills, use of self, negotiation and mediation skills as well as appreciation of organisations and procedures as a core of the practice. In the 1980s governments concerns about increasing number of older people as well as running very expensive residential care have been a driver for transformation delivery of social care (McDonald, 2010). Furthermore, and most significantly, a new Conservative political view included: a belief in the greater economy, efficiency and effectiveness of private sector management; consumerism; the virtues of competition and the benefits of a social care market; and a deep mistrust of public service professions and their claims to special knowledge and expertise (Lymbery, 1998, p. 870) had its reflection in implemented legislations and community care reforms. The White Paper Caring for People: Community Care in the Next Decade and Beyond and The NHS and Community Care Act 1990, implemented in 1993, introduced care management and changed the role of the social worker in statutory sector. Hugman (1994, p.30) argues that the care management is a move away from professionally defined responses to need to managerialist responses dominated by resource priorities. McDonald (2010, p. 28) also states that professional discretion has to a large extend been replaced by formulaic approaches to assessment and service eligibility. Community care reform imposed on practitioners to focus more on the processes and on more complex bureaucracy what affected other aspects of care managers/social workers practice such as limited and formal contact with the service user and therefore difficulties in building up relationships with the client, reduced emotional support, counselling role, advocacy role, group work, less attention to monitoring and reviewing (Lymbery, 1998; Postle, 2002; Weinberg et al. 2003; Carey, 2008). Carey (2008, p. 930) states that: the quasi-market system has also helped to create a complex administrative system based around the management of contracts, assessments, care plans and a seemingly infinite variety of bureaucratic regulations and procedures. Most such tasks are relentlessly processed by often perplexed care/case managers, many of whom quickly begin to question any initial motivations to enter social work. Lymbery (1998) points out that more administrative system and budgetary constraints took away from practitioners a sense of traditional role and increased monitoring of social workers decisions. It has been argued, that key community care reform objectives such as a wider range of choice of services, reducing unnecessary paperwork, meeting individual needs in a more flexible and innovative way have not been achieved (Scourfield, 2006; Carey, 2008). The next important step for the shape of present social care has been introduction of direct payment schemes. The British Council of Disabled People (BCODP) presented findings of their research in publication Cash in on independence with evidence that directly provided services were inflexible, unresponsive, unreliable and take away service users control over the support (Zarb and Nadash, 1994). The BCODP also proved that direct payments can be cheaper and at the same time can provide a higher quality of support (Glasby and Littlechild, 2009). Under the pressure of sustained and strong campaign for reform from the BCODP and other bodies, the government finally implemented The 1996 Community Care (Direct Payment) Act (Glasby and Littlechild, 2009). The Act allowed making cash payments by local authorities to individuals to arrange their own support (McDonald, 2010). In 2000, direct payments were extended to other service user groups and from now on older adults could also benefit from it (Glasby and Littlechild, 2009). Following direct payments, in 2003, the charity organisation in Control, focused on people with learning disabilities, developed the new way of organising care called self-directed support (Glasby and Littlechild, 2009). Browning (2007, p. 3) states that the introduction of self-directed support is potentially the biggest change to the provision of social care in England in 60 years. The terminology has developed during the process of implementation of this concept. By 2004 in Control started using the term individual budget which describes budget from several different streams such as the Access to Work; the Independent Living Fund; Supporting People and the Disabled Facilities Grant; local Integrated Community Equipment Services, adult social care and NHS resources. In the pilots where funding streams were not integrated and projects relied on social care funds the term personal budgets was being used (Glasby and Littlechild, 2009). The in Control Partnership desire was to have the ir concept to be fitted to the existing social care arrangements, to free up available resources, which were tied up in existing buildings and pre-paid services and to allow people to use them flexibly and creatively (Glasby and Littlechild, 2009, p. 77). The aim of personal budgets was to shift power to service users by adaptation to the way of allocating resources, controlling and using the support (Routledge and Porter, 2008). At the same time the government was facing challenges such as aging population, care within the family becoming less an option, more diverse communities, higher expectation form the service as well as continuing desire to retain by people control over their lives as much as possible, including risk management (DH, 2005; HM Government, 2007). Older adults are the largest group of recipients of social care with more than a one million in 2006 (Leadbeater et al., 2008). The number of people of state pensionable age is gradually increasing with twelve million in mid-2009 (ONS, 2010). Some of the above factors have been a drive for governments increasing interest in a personalised system as a way of saving cost in already constrained budget (Glasby and Littlechild, 2009). From 2005, numerous documents such as Independence, Well-Being and Choice, Our Health, Our Care, Our Say: A New Direction for Community Services, Opportunity Age and Improving the Life Chances of Disabled People, Transfo rming Social Care stated governments support and shift towards personalisation (Routledge and Porter, 2008). In 2007, The Putting People First concordat informs about reforms to transform the system, based on  £522 million Social Care Reform Grant, to include service users and carers at every step of organising care (HM Government, 2007). Although the government states the way forward, it gives little explanation what it will mean for the front-line practitioners, for their roles and tasks required under new arrangements (Lymbery and Postle, 2010). It states the time has now come to build on best practice and replace paternalistic, reactive care of variable quality with a mainstream system focussed on prevention, early intervention, enablement, and high quality personally tailored services (HM Government, 2007, p 2). The Putting People First concordat (2007, p. 3) also says about more active role of agencies, emphasises greater role of self-assessment, therefore giving social workers more time for support, providing information, brokerage and advocacy. It also underlines importance of person centred planning, self directed support as well as personal budgets being for everyone. Glasby and Littlechild (2009, p. 75) define personal budget as: being clear with the person at the start how much money is available to meet their needs, then allowing them maximum choice over how this money is spent on their behalf and over how much control they want over the money itself. The recently published, in 2009, Working to Put People First: The Strategy for the Adult Social Care Workforce in England states a bit clearer roles and tasks of front-line staff under new arrangements and recognises social workers role as a central in delivering personalised service. Social workers play a key role in early intervention, promoting inclusion and developing social capital as well as safeguarding adults in vulnerable circumstances. They are skilled at identifying models of intervention, some therapeutic, some task centred and working through with people the outcomes to be achieved. They also undertake navigator and brokerage roles as well as supporting self-assessment (DH, 2009, p. 34). However, Lymbery and Postle (2010) points out that the strategy does not explain who will be undertaking specified roles and tasks, we have the right people doing the right roles and not using highly skilled workers for lower skilled tasks (DH, 2009, p. 33), and therefore the situation from community care reforms replicates where introduction of care manager denied the unique position of social worker. On the other hand, Glasby and Littlechild (2009) point out that the change of the social workers role from focusing on assessment to support planning and review will give more chances to work in partnership with service users to support them, what was the reason for many to come to the social care profession. Implementation There is an agreement that social workers motivation and support are crucial for the success of personalisation and based on their education and experience they are best-placed to fulfil roles and tasks in the new arrangements (Tyson et al. 2010; Samuel, 2010). Results from Community Care and Unison this year survey regarding impact of personalisation on social workers reviled that 88% of respondents had recognised some impact on their job, with 40% saying it had been positive and 29% negative (Samuel, 2010). Two years ago in similar survey, negative impact of personalisation claimed only 18% of respondents (Samuel, 2010). One of the most important evaluation of personalised budgets undertaken by IBSEN (2008) indicates that practitioners attitude towards the new system was based on the positive experiences of service users, strong leadership from managers or implementation team. On the other hand, hindrance for positive experience included high workloads, poor information and trainin g about IBs, and the lack of clarity about detailed processes as new systems were put into place (Glendinning et at., 2008, p.22). The IBSEN study also indicates that inclusion of front-line practitioners in developing documentation and processes was key factor for successful implementation. The limitations of the IBSEN study are that it have been conducted in very tight timescales and with continues policy changes and delays, however it is a crucial research on the early impact of individual budgets (Glasby and Littlechild, 2009). My research study will examine in depth the experiences of front-line practitioners of implementation of the personalisation and will also look at their positive and negative drivers. Bureaucracy The Community Care survey has found that two-thirds of respondents experience increase in bureaucracy as a result of transformation (Samuel, 2010). There has been an indication in the IBSEN study, two years earlier, that completing assessment and other office based duties was time consuming, however this increase was not significant. Although increased bureaucracy was an effect of more administrative approach of care management after community care reforms (Weinberg et al., 2003), it has been pointed out by Richard Jones, president of the ADASS, that some councils had over-complicated processes such as self-assessment and support planning (Samuel, 2010a). My research will provide in depth insight of the administrative role of the front-line practitioner in current system. Processes The social workers experiences varied significantly regarding assessment process based on self-assessment, with some seeing it as a complete transformation, where for others it was a move towards further development of practice (Glendinning et al., 2008). At the beginning working in dual assessment systems has been recognised as a major challenge (Glendinning et al., 2008). Moreover, the view of social workers from Community Care survey match with opinion form IBSEN study that self-assessment was not giving complete picture of a persons needs, with no focus on risk, issues regarding carers and their needs, and putting at risk social workers skills and professionalism (Glendinning et al., 2008; Samuel, 2010). The in Control report of the Second Phase (Hatton et al., 2008) sees self-assessment approach as the way to reduce the process and at the same time social workers time on this task. On the other hand, Lymbery and Postle (2010, p. 11) point out that assessment is at the heart of w hat social workers do and that not all service users have a ability and knowledge to recognise their needs and then to find appropriate ways to address these needs. Front-line practitioners reported that self-assessment usually has been undertaken with support from a family member or a friend, which has been seen as essential support (Glendinning et al., 2008). It can be seen as a potential ground for conflict of interest between service users and carers with examples such as need for respite care or risk within home setting (Lymbery and Postle, 2010). On the positive side, some front-line practitioners indicated that self-assessment shows that peoples views were taken seriously and as having the potential to generate positive discussions about needs and outcomes (Glendinning et al., 2008, p. 147). The IBSEN study recognises that social workers involvement in this process in work with older adults may be of more importance. Older people become more isolated, have less available supp ort from family, they tend to under-assess their own needs as well as do not perceive their behaviour as creating risk (Glendinning et al., 2008, p. 147). CSCI (2009, p. 137) back up above points regarding assessment stating that In practice, and particularly for people with complex needs, self-assessment entailed intensive support from care managers, more demanding of staff time and skills than traditional professional assessment. However, Community Care survey (2010) showed that two-third of social workers did not have enough time with service user to support self-assessment. In support planning process, exploring options, co-ordination, building confidence and empowering service users and carers were the main roles and tasks mentioned by care co-ordinators (Glendinning et al., 2008, p. 147). Many co-ordinators taking part in IBSEN study admitted that the focus on outcomes had an important impact on their practice. Some participants said that one of their roles was to translate the information given by service user in order to produce a meaningful plan. One of the key issues, raised by practitioners, was confusion whether allocated monies based on for example personal care needs could be used flexibly to purchase other services. Further source of confusion and frustration for front-line staff as well as service users and carers, reported in the IBSEN study, was regarding the material good allowed to be purchased and whether family member could be paid for provided support. Specifically regarding older adults, the issue has been raised that their needs ten d to change much faster, therefore a support plan may be out of date within a couple of months (CSCI, 2009, p. 140). In relation to support planning, the Resource Allocation System (RAS) has been perceived by front-line staff as purely mathematical, easy to use tool, on the other hand, some practitioners said that such mechanical approach to allocation of resources cannot fairly and accurately distribute resources due to complexity of service users needs and circumstances (Glendinning et al., 2008). This research will look at the experiences of front-line staff regarding assessment process, support planning as well as resource allocation in new arrangements. Risk management In CSCI report (2008) there is indication that the new arrangements for social care might increase the level of risk for service users. This issue arise especially where service user with complex needs is involved, as he/she might not be able to show distress (CSCI, 2008). Lymbery and Postle (2010) state that critical in terms of safeguarding in new arrangements is to retain professional engagement with service user. The IBSEN study states that giving service users more responsibilities and therefore more risk was in personalisation philosophy from the very beginning and also recognises that it is a difficult shift for care co-ordinators (Glendinning et al., 2008). Front-line staff had concerns that money could be spend inappropriately by service users, that they might not have appropriate skills and experience to employ PAs, that PAs had proper training to provide for example personal care tasks in safe and effective way (Glendinning et al., 2008). Contrary to that, in Control Third Phase evaluation (2010, p. 73) evidence suggests that people feel and are safer when they are In Control of their support and their money and they can determine what happens around them on a day-to-day basis. In in Control study 60% of professionals said that there was no change in risk management from the start of Personal Budgets (Tyson et al., 2010). On the other hand, Community Care survey (Lombard, 2010) found that 37% of social workers do not know what to do when care arranged by service user puts him/her at risk. My research project will examine in depth the view of front-line staff regarding risk assessment and implication, if any, of shifting more responsibilities to service users. Training, knowledge and skills The IBSEN study found out that most of the care co-ordinators had training provided before implementation of the individual budgets, however there was some who did not have any before undertaking first IB case (Glendinning et al., 2008). The participants in the IBSEN study said that training was focused more on the idea and philosophy behind individual budgets, and did not concentrate enough on processes (Glendinning et al., 2008). Successful in terms of informal training were recognised interactive activities such as team meetings, meeting with IB team workers and development officers and peer support development groups (Glendinning et al., 2008; Lombard, 2010). The Community Care survey on personalisation shows that there are significant knowledge gaps amongst social workers (Lombard, 2010). 63% of respondents admitted the need for brokerage skills, with only 31% stating that they have them. An understanding of the key terms and overall knowledge about personalisation has improved (57%), however 14% of social workers still understand little or nothing about individual and personal budgets (Lombard, 2010). Only 49% of practitioners said that they feel they have enough knowledge about employing personal assistant (Lombard, 2010). My research will examine the experiences of front-line practitioners regarding received training as well as subjective opinion about skill gaps in their practice. Mindset, culture The need for cultural shift and change of mindset of service users and practitioners has been recognised in several publications as one of the most important issues (Glendinning et al., 2008; CSCI, 2009; DH, 2010). The CSCI report (2009) shows that it was not expected from older adults that they will appreciate additional responsibilities in managing individual/personal budgets, however in some sites more older people decided to have Direct Payment and to manage the money by themselves. In addition, in Control report (2010, p. 135 136) shows that by the end of 2009 30.000 people were having Personal Budgets across 75 local authorities with older people being the largest group of receivers (53%). The in Control evaluation was based on online data voluntarily shared by local authorities, however there was no requirement on authorities to share data as well as not all authorities included breakdown by social care group, therefore the information from this report does not show an accura te national picture (Tyson et al., 2010). The Personal Budgets for older people making it happen guidance (2010) emphasises importance of sharing successful stories and cases in order to challenge front-line practitioners stereotypes and increase positive attitude towards older people as a recipients of personal budgets. Resources In this year Community Care survey 36% of respondents said that resources have been the biggest barrier for successful implementation of personalisation. Moreover, based on the information about planned cuts in public sector by the current government, 82% of respondents said that this will slow down the progress of personalisation (Samuel, 2010). It has been pointed out in several publications (Glendinning, 2008; Carr and Robbins, 2009; Samuel, 2010) that front-line practitioners using only public resources face significant challenges in exercising choice, control and independence of service user and his/her own creativity. It is well pictured in this quote this is more difficult when a budget is strictly for personal care that is essential the equivalent of 30 minutes washing and dressing a day is not going to allow much creativity (Fighting Monsters, 2010). Social workers under new arrangements will still be responsible for control expenditure with funding targeted at those most i n need (HM Government, 2008, p.9) what clashes with one of the key principle Putting People First which is prevention and early intervention (Lymbery and Postle, 2010). This research project will examine in depth the view of front-line staff about using of existing social care resources in order to fulfil policies principles and meet older adults needs. Services In the CSCI report (2009) it has been emphasised that to allow people to exercise choice and control and to feel independent, together with transformation of the system, the existing services need reconfiguration. At the moment services are limited and insufficiently flexible, where day services are traditional and predominantly based in buildings, and where block contracting arrangements limit the range of services on offer (CSCI, 2009, p. 148). The Community Care survey (2010) found out that 56% social workers have noticed that services such as day centres are being closed down on the assumption that using personal budgets will mean reduced use of such services. Services, especially from local authority, will have to by attractive, flexible to needs, affordable, price competitive, sustainable, well structured and managed to meet service users needs (Tyson et al., 2010). My research will examine social workers experiences of changes in structure of services for older adults with the emphasise on increasing their choice, control and independence.